Precipitate evolution in Mg−7Gd−3Y−1Nd−1Zn−0.5Zr alloy during isothermal ageing at 240 °C

The morphology and crystal structure of the precipitates in Mg−7Gd−3Y−1Nd−1Zn−0.5Zr alloy during isothermal ageing at 240 °C were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). After under-ageing for 2 h, the precipitates in the alloy are ordered solute clusters with rare earth atomic columns exhibiting hexagonal ring structure, zigzag GP zones and β' in its early formation. After peak-ageing for 18 h, the precipitates are mainly β' and new rod-like β'_p accompanied with β'. After over-ageing for 100 h, the precipitates are β', β₁, long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) building block known as γ′ and 14H-LPSO. β' has the three-dimensional shape of convex lens with smaller length-to-width ratio viewed along 〈0001〉_α than that in the EW75 alloy. The excellent thermal stability of this alloy can be attributed to the γ' and 14H-LPSO retarding the growth of β' and β₁, low diffusion rate of rare earth atoms and physical character of β' and β₁.     

AgInCd合金压缩蠕变性能研究

用RDL-50型拉伸蠕变试验机进行改装后的实验装置研究了铸态AgInCd合金在温度300~400℃及应力范围12~24 MPa内的压缩蠕变行为,分析了稳态速率与温度和应力的关系,计算了应力指数(n)和蠕变激活能(Q_a),并结合蠕变后样品在透射电子显微镜下的微观形貌及位错组态,探讨了合金的压缩蠕变机制。结果表明:随温度和应力水平的升高,合金的稳态蠕变速率增加。相比较指数关系,蠕变速率与应力之间更符合幂函数关系。300、350和400℃条件下,合金的蠕变应力指数n分别为3.31、4.09和5.77;12、18和24 MPa条件下,合金的蠕变激活能Q_a分别为68.1、103.7和131.6 kJ/mol。微观形貌以层错为主,孪生为300℃的主要蠕变机制,位错攀移生成位错墙为400℃的主要蠕变机制。     

介孔磷酸盐材料及其应用前景

介绍了介孔磷酸铝、介孔磷酸锆、介孔磷酸钛、介孔磷酸铁锂、介孔磷酸镍、介孔稀土磷酸盐、介孔磷酸盐陶瓷材料等的研究现状及其在新型纳米材料、功能材料、抗菌材料、催化等方面的应用前景,并对我国介孔磷酸盐材料的开发提出了建议。     

An Interface‐Induced Co‐Assembly Approach Towards Ordered Mesoporous Carbon/Graphene Aerogel for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Hierarchically porous composites with mesoporous carbon wrapping around the macroporous graphene aerogel can combine the advantages of both components and are expected to show excellent performance in electrochemical energy devices. However, the fabrication of such composites is challenging due to the lack of an effective strategy to control the porosity of the mesostructured carbon layers. Here an interface‐induced co‐assembly approach towards hierarchically mesoporous carbon/graphene aerogel composites, possessing interconnected macroporous graphene networks covered by highly ordered mesoporous carbon with a diameter of ≈9.6 nm, is reported. And the orientation of the mesopores (vertical or horizontal to the surface of the composites) can be tuned by the ratio of the components. As the electrodes in supercapacitors, the resulting composites demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performances. More importantly, the synthesis strategy provides an ideal platform for hierarchically porous graphene composites with potential for energy storage and conversion applications.     

硼含量对有序态(Fe,Co)3V合金环境氢脆的影响

通过在真空和氢气环境下的拉伸实验,研究了硼含量对有序态(Fe,Co)_3V合金力学性能和环境氢脆的影响。结果表明,当在有序态(Fe,Co)_3V合金中添加0.02%B(质量分数)时,相对于无硼合金,合金的晶粒尺寸减小了27.5%,合金在真空和氢气中的抗拉强度和延伸率均达到最大值;而当硼含量继续增加时,合金的晶粒尺寸、合金在真空和氢气中的力学性能均保持不变。无硼有序态(Fe,Co)_3V合金在氢气中呈现严重的环境氢脆,当在合金中添加0.02%B后,合金氢脆因子降低了34.4%,合金的断口形貌由完全沿晶断口转变为穿晶和沿晶的混合断口;当合金中的硼含量继续增加时,合金的氢脆因子不再降低,恒定在50%左右,即硼原子只能部分抑制有序态(Fe,Co)_3V合金在氢气中的环境氢脆。     

基于诱导有序加权证据推理方法的装备使用质量综合评价

针对装备质量评价工作涉及的因子赋权以及通过调查问卷进行评价时存在合理的“信息缺失”等问题,采用诱导有序加权证据推理(induced ordered weighted evidential reasoning,IOWER)方法进行装备使用质量评价。分析多策略的合成赋权方法,介绍混合赋权策略,利用Matlab实现求解;分析不完全信息下基于证据推理的装备使用质量综合评价,并对某炮兵营装备的使用结果进行分析。分析结果表明,运用IOWER方法有利于得出更准确的评价结论。     

An Improved Maximum Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart for Monitoring Process Mean and Variability

Maximum exponentially weighted moving average (MaxEWMA) control charts have gained considerable attention for detecting changes in both process mean and process variability. In this paper, we propose an improved MaxEWMA control charts based on ordered ranked set sampling (ORSS) and ordered imperfect ranked set sampling (OIRSS) schemes for simultaneous detection of both increases and decreases in the process mean and/or variability, named MaxEWMA‐ORSS and MaxEWMA‐OIRSS control charts. These MaxEWMA control charts are based on the best linear unbiased estimators of location and scale parameters obtained under ORSS and OIRSS methods. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations have been used to estimate the average run length and standard deviation of run length of the proposed MaxEWMA control charts. These control charts are compared with their counterparts based on simple random sampling (SRS), that is, MaxEWMA‐SRS and MaxGWMA‐SRS control charts. The proposed MaxEWMA‐ORSS and MaxEWMA‐OIRSS control charts are able to perform better than the MaxEWMA‐SRS and MaxGWMA‐SRS control charts for detecting shifts in the process mean and dispersion. An application to real data is provided to illustrate the implementation of the proposed MaxEWMA control charts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

快硬硫铝酸盐水泥在3D打印材料中的应用

将快硬硫铝酸盐水泥(R·SAC)掺加到普通硅酸盐水泥(P·O)中得到混合水泥,以改善P·O 3D打印材料凝结时间长、早期强度低的缺点,系统研究了R·SAC掺量对其凝结时间、力学性能、流动性和堆积性的影响.结果 表明:当R·SAC掺量为14％～20％时,促凝效果明显,有效降低了混合水泥净浆、砂浆的凝结时间,混合水泥净浆的初凝时间可以控制在40～70 min,满足3D打印的要求;掺加R·SAC可以提高材料的流动性,当R·SAC掺量为20％时,混合水泥砂浆的流动度比P·O砂浆提高了11 mm,稠度提高了15 mm;当混合水泥砂浆的流动度在160～175 mm时,可以满足3D打印材料的堆积性要求;掺加少量R·SAC对混合水泥砂浆的早期强度有一定的提升,但是其后期强度有所降低.     

18K黄金手镯高弹性原因分析

为研究18K黄金手镯高弹性行为,采用弹性模量测试和微观组织观察等方法对样品进行分析。结果表明,合金中存在4种相,其中3种相AuCu、AuCu_3和Au3Cu为基体无序相(Au,Cu)原子有序化后的结果,有序相的含量达到70%。有序相的大量存在可能是合金弹性模量较高的一个原因。手镯表面与截面呈现不同的弹性模量,每种相存在着一定方向的织构,可能是影响手镯弹性模量各向异性的原因。